STRUCTURAL SYSTEM SIMULATION USING GRID-COMPUTING FRAMEWORK

A multi-level modeling and simulation method of structural system using grid-computing framework is proposed in this paper. Two levels of parallel processing will be involved in this framework: (1) multiple locally distributed computing environments connected by the local network to form (2) a grid-based cluster-to-cluster distributed computing environment. To successfully perform the simulations, a large-scale structural system is decomposed into the simulations of a simplified global model and several detailed component models with various scales. These correlated multi-scale simulation tasks are distributed amongst clusters and connected together in a multi-level modeling and simulation method and then coordinated over the internet. This paper also presents the development of a grid-computing software framework that can support the proposed simulation approach. The architectural design of the program also allows the integration of several multi-scale models to be clients and servers under a single platform. Additionally, the comparison result between proposed method and assumed exact solution show that the proposed simulation method is appropriate to simulate the response of the structural systems

PENGEMBANGAN PROTOKOL MULTICAST AODV DENGAN MEMPERHITUNGKAN JARAK EUCLIDEAN BERDASARKAN POSISI, KECEPATAN DAN DELAY TRANSMISI PADA VANET

Protokol routing dalam jaringan Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET) dikembangkan untuk memperbaiki kinerja transmisi paket data pada jaringan antar kendaraan. Berbagai pendekatan konektivitas antar jaringan kendaraan terus dilakukan karena VANET memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda dengan Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) yaitu dalam hal kecepatan node. Protokol Multicast Ad hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (MAODV) yang termasuk protokol routing reaktif dengan transmisi multicast banyak dilakukan penelitian dan peningkatan dengan berbagai pendekatan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengembangan protokol routing MAODV dengan memperhitungkan jarak Euclidean antar node berdasarkan posisi, kecepatan dan delay transmisi. Protokol routing Multicast Adaptif Structured-tree berbasis Reactive Euclidean Node Knowledge (MAS-BRENK) diusulkan untuk memperbaiki mekanisme multicast tree maintenance yaitu proses join dan prune. Perhitungan bobot weighted product digunakan untuk menghitung bobot antar node berdasarkan jarak euclidean, kecepatan dan delay transmisi. Protokol yang diusulkan tersebut diujikan ke dalam skenario jalan perkotaan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa protokol MAS-BRENK mengalami peningkatan pengiriman paket MACT sebesar 1.3% dan penerimaan paket MACT dengan flag prune sebesar 8.2%. Selain itu penerimaan paket MACT dengan flag join menurun sebesar 1.2%. Hasil akhir yang didapatkan yaitu peningkatan PDR sebanyak 0.2% dan throughput sebanyak 2%, serta penurunan delay 14.3% dari protokol MAODV

ENERGY EFFICIENT SLEEP WAKEUP SCHEDULING METHOD FOR P-COVERAGE AND Q-CONNECTIVITY MODEL IN TARGET BASED WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS

Energy limitations are the problem that gets the most attention in the term of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). Sleep wakeup scheduling method is one of the most efficient techniques to increase sensor node operational time on WSN. However, in the target-based WSN environment with p-coverage and q-connectivity models, the use of wake-up scheduling has to consider the constraints on the number of connectivity on the sensor and coverage on the target. Genetic Algorithm is a solution to the problem of sleep-wake scheduling with multi-objective problems. This study proposes a new method of sleep wakeup scheduling based on Genetic Algorithm for energy efficiency in target-based WSN with p-coverage and q-connectivity models. This new method uses the sensor range, connectivity range and energy as an objective function of the fitness function in the Genetic Algorithm. With the presence of energy as a factor of the objective function can increase energy efficiency in target-based WSN with p-coverage and q-connectivity models

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS ON GPSR PROTOCOL IN VANETS ENVIRONMENT OF OVERLAY NETWORK AND FORWARDING NODE SELECTION METHODS

VANETs are technology in Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) in driving safety and convenient network services for vehicle users. However, the high mobility of VANETs makes the topology change frequently, resulting in the unavailability of routes and causing communication failures between nodes. Greedy Perimeter Stateless Routing (GPSR) is a routing protocol that solves communication problems in the VANETs environment. GPSR is a geographic routing protocol that uses information on the location of neighbouring nodes and the transmission range to the nearest destination node. But, GPSR does not always find the optimal route because not all nearby nodes can forward packets to their destination during heavy traffic and many intersections. In this research, the overlay network and forwarding node selection methods will be used to solve problems in the GPSR routing protocol related to communication instability because of changing node positions. Based on the results of testing and analysis that has been carried out on a grid scenario with 50 nodes, the Packet Delivery Ratio results are 32.60. In contrast, the results for the real scenario with the same nodes produce a value of 64. The analysis of End to End Delay in the 50-node grid scenario produces 5.64, while the real scenario results with 50 nodes yield the value of 24.11. The analysis Routing Overhead in the grid scenario with 50 nodes produces a value of 39,978, while the results of the real scenario with 50 nodes get a value of 10,239. With the result of these two analysis methods, it is expected to increase the average value of package delivery

A COMPREHENSIVE SURVEY ON DETECTING BLACK HOLE ATTACK IN MOBILE AD-HOC NETWORK (MANET)

The infrastructure-less nature and mobility of nodes in mobile ad-hoc network (MANET) make it to be very susceptible to various attacks. Besides, owing to its flexibility and simplicity, there is no predefined time or permission set for nodes to leave or join the network and each node can act as a client or server.  Nevertheless, securing communication between nodes has become a challenging problem than in other types of network. Attacks in MANET range into different categories. Black hole attack is one of the attacks that has been addressed by many researchers in the recent years. It does occur when a harmful mobile node called black hole becomes a part of the network and tries to use its malicious behaviors by sending fake route reply packets (RREP) for any received route request packets (RREQ). When these faked packets arrive to the source node, it does reply to them by sending data packet via the established route. Once the packets are received by the black hole, it drops them before reaching the destination.  Hence, preventing the source node from reaching the intended destination. In this paper, we present an overview of a wide range of techniques suggested in the literature for detecting and preventing black hole attacks in mobile ad hoc network. Additionally, the effect of each approach on the network performance is also presented

Time Optimization for Radius Updates in Zone Dynamics of Zone Routing Protocol

Vehicular ad hoc networks are wireless network technologies that can be used to communicate without the need for fixed infrastructure. The use of zone routing protocol which is a hybrid routing protocol in a vehicular ad hoc network environment can reduce delay, packet flooding, and excess bandwidth usage on the network. However, traditional zone routing protocol is only configured for one fixed radius value, which makes it not adapt to existing network conditions. Zone dynamics with adaptive radius values in zone routing protocol are used so that zones formed by nodes are more optimal. In adapting the radius value to make the zone dynamics necessary, the optimal configuration of the radius update time is required. Simulations and tests that have been carried out with NS-2 show that the proper update time can improve zone routing protocol performance with a low end-to-end delay and routing overhead value, but has a high packet delivery ratio

Studi Kinerja Multipath AODV dengan Menggunakan Network Simulator 2 (NS-2)

Mobile Ad hoc Network (MANET) merupakan suatu inovasi dalam dunia teknologi yang memungkinkan terjadinya komunikasi jaringan tanpa ketersediaan infrastruktur jaringan yang tetap. Ada beberapa macam protokol routing pada MANET salah satunya adalah AOMDV. AOMDV merupakan pengembangan dari AODV. Perbedaan antara AODV dengan AOMDV adalah jumlah rute yang ditemukan dalam setiap proses pencaria rute. Dalam Tugas Akhir ini, dilakukan penelitian terhadap kinerja AOMDV menggunakan Network Simulator 2 (NS-2). Uji coba dilakukan dengan membuat pola traffic koneksi dan pola pergerakan node yang kemudian disimulasikan dengan menggunakan script tcl protokol routing AOMDV. Proses tersebut akan menghasilkan file otuput berupa trace file. Trace file hasil dari simulasi akan dianalisis untuk menghitung Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), Routing Overhead (RO), dan End-to-End Delay. Dari hasil uji coba yang dilakukan, menunjukkan nilai PDR dari AOMDV mengalami penurunan berdasarkan Perubahan kecepatan node. Untuk nilai RO dan End-to-End Delay mengalami kenaikan berdasarkan Perubahan kecepatan node. Kecepatan node sangat mempengaruhi kinerja AOMDV. Kecepatan node yang tinggi, menyebabkan performa kinerja AOMDV menjadi buruk

Performance Study of Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment 802.11p in Ad-Hoc on Demand Distance Vector Routing (AODV) with Propagation Models Nakagami and Two Ray Ground

The development of communication systems is not only limited in its use for human interaction and mobility with various electronic devices. However, it is expected to be a solution for traffic management and management strategies. The number of vehicles is continuously increasing especially in big cities so it needs communication between vehicles for the development of VANETs technology. The IEEE international standards communication system establishes the use of the Wireless Access in Vehicular Environment (WAVE). With the IEEE 802.11p standard, it is possible to build an integrated information and communication-based transportation system.In this research will be analyzed VANET communication performance through parameters of packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and packet drop. VANET uses NS-2 as a simulator and AODV routing protocol. In a network, routing protocols are very influential on VANET network performance. Simulation scenarios with VANET using Nakagami and TwoRayGround propagation models are expected to result in connectivity performance on interoperable communication networks (V2V) with IEEE 802.11p standards in VANET environments. From the experimental results in the AODV protocol scenario using propagation modeling, the value of packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and packet drop with the Nakagami transmission model is better than the value of packet delivery ratio, routing overhead, and packet drop with TwoRayGround transmission model has good value but Unstable in the node transmission process. Thus, the performance of the Nakagami transmission model looks more stable overall than the TwoRayGround transmission mod